.. Copyright 2016 OpenMarket Ltd
..
.. Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
.. you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
.. You may obtain a copy of the License at
..
..     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
..
.. Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
.. distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
.. WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
.. See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
.. limitations under the License.

Push Notifications
==================

.. _module:push:

::

                                   +--------------------+  +-------------------+
                  Matrix HTTP      |                    |  |                   |
             Notification Protocol |   App Developer    |  |   Device Vendor   |
                                   |                    |  |                   |
           +-------------------+   | +----------------+ |  | +---------------+ |
           |                   |   | |                | |  | |               | |
           | Matrix homeserver +----->  Push Gateway  +------> Push Provider | |
           |                   |   | |                | |  | |               | |
           +-^-----------------+   | +----------------+ |  | +----+----------+ |
             |                     |                    |  |      |            |
    Matrix   |                     |                    |  |      |            |
 Client/Server API  +              |                    |  |      |            |
             |      |              +--------------------+  +-------------------+
             |   +--+-+                                           |             
             |   |    <-------------------------------------------+             
             +---+    |                                                        
                 |    |          Provider Push Protocol                        
                 +----+                                                        
                                                                               
         Mobile Device or Client                                               


This module adds support for push notifications. Homeservers send notifications
of events to user-configured HTTP endpoints. Users may also configure a
number of rules that determine which events generate notifications. These are
all stored and managed by the user's homeserver. This allows user-specific push
settings to be reused between client applications.

The above diagram shows the flow of push notifications being sent to a handset
where push notifications are submitted via the handset vendor, such as Apple's
APNS or Google's GCM. This happens as follows:

1. The client app signs in to a homeserver.
2. The client app registers with its vendor's Push Provider and
   obtains a routing token of some kind.
3. The mobile app uses the Client/Server API to add a 'pusher', providing the
   URL of a specific Push Gateway which is configured for that
   application. It also provides the routing token it has acquired from the
   Push Provider.
4. The homeserver starts sending HTTP requests to the Push Gateway using the
   supplied URL. The Push Gateway relays this notification to
   the Push Provider, passing the routing token along with any
   necessary private credentials the provider requires to send push
   notifications.
5. The Push Provider sends the notification to the device.

Definitions for terms used in this section are below:

Push Provider
  A push provider is a service managed by the device vendor which can send
  notifications directly to the device. Google Cloud Messaging (GCM) and Apple
  Push Notification Service (APNS) are two examples of push providers.

Push Gateway
  A push gateway is a server that receives HTTP event notifications from
  homeservers and passes them on to a different protocol such as APNS for iOS
  devices or GCM for Android devices. Clients inform the homeserver which
  Push Gateway to send notifications to when it sets up a Pusher.

.. _def:pushers:

Pusher
  A pusher is a worker on the homeserver that manages the sending
  of HTTP notifications for a user. A user can have multiple pushers: one per
  device.

Push Rule
  A push rule is a single rule that states under what *conditions* an event should
  be passed onto a push gateway and *how* the notification should be presented.
  These rules are stored on the user's homeserver. They are manually configured
  by the user, who can create and view them via the Client/Server API.

Push Ruleset
  A push ruleset *scopes a set of rules according to some criteria*. For example,
  some rules may only be applied for messages from a particular sender,
  a particular room, or by default. The push ruleset contains the entire set
  of scopes and rules.

Client behaviour
----------------

Clients MUST configure a Pusher before they will receive push notifications.
There is a single API endpoint for this, as described below.

{{pusher_cs_http_api}}

.. _pushers: `def:pushers`_

Push Rules
~~~~~~~~~~
A push rule is a single rule that states under what *conditions* an event should
be passed onto a push gateway and *how* the notification should be presented.
There are different "kinds" of push rules and each rule has an associated
priority. Every push rule MUST have a ``kind`` and ``rule_id``. The ``rule_id``
is a unique string within the kind of rule and its' scope: ``rule_ids`` do not
need to be unique between rules of the same kind on different devices. Rules may
have extra keys depending on the value of ``kind``.The different kinds of rule
in descending order of priority are:

Override Rules ``override``
  The highest priority rules are user-configured overrides.
Content-specific Rules ``content``
  These configure behaviour for (unencrypted) messages that match certain
  patterns. Content rules take one parameter: ``pattern``, that gives the glob
  pattern to match against. This is treated in the same way as ``pattern`` for
  ``event_match``.
Room-specific Rules ``room``
  These rules change the behaviour of all messages for a given room. The
  ``rule_id`` of a room rule is always the ID of the room that it affects.
Sender-specific rules ``sender``
  These rules configure notification behaviour for messages from a specific
  Matrix user ID. The ``rule_id`` of Sender rules is always the Matrix user
  ID of the user whose messages they'd apply to.
Underride rules ``underride``
  These are identical to ``override`` rules, but have a lower priority than
  ``content``, ``room`` and ``sender`` rules.

This means that the full list of rule kinds, in descending priority order, is
as follows:

* Global Override
* Global Content
* Global Room
* Global Sender
* Global Underride

Rules with the same ``kind`` can specify an ordering priority. This determines
which rule is selected in the event of multiple matches. For example, a rule
matching "tea" and a separate rule matching "time" would both match the sentence
"It's time for tea". The ordering of the rules would then resolve the tiebreak
to determine which rule is executed. Only ``actions`` for highest priority rule
will be sent to the Push Gateway.

Each rule can be enabled or disabled. Disabled rules never match. If no rules
match an event, the homeserver MUST NOT notify the Push Gateway for that event.
Homeservers MUST NOT notify the Push Gateway for events that the user has sent
themselves.

Actions
+++++++
All rules have an associated list of ``actions``. An action affects if and how a
notification is delivered for a matching event. The following actions are defined:

``notify``
  This causes each matching event to generate a notification.
``dont_notify``
  This prevents each matching event from generating a notification
``coalesce``
  This enables notifications for matching events but activates homeserver
  specific behaviour to intelligently coalesce multiple events into a single 
  notification. Not all homeservers may support this. Those that do not support
  it should treat it as the ``notify`` action.
``set_tweak``
  Sets an entry in the ``tweaks`` dictionary key that is sent in the notification
  request to the Push Gateway. This takes the form of a dictionary with a
  ``set_tweak`` key whose value is the name of the tweak to set. It may also
  have a ``value`` key which is the value to which it should be set.

Actions that have no parameters are represented as a string. Otherwise, they are
represented as a dictionary with a key equal to their name and other keys as
their parameters, e.g. ``{ "set_tweak": "sound", "value": "default" }``

Tweaks
^^^^^^
The ``set_tweak`` action is used to add an entry to the 'tweaks' dictionary
that is sent in the notification request to the Push Gateway. The following
tweaks are defined:

``sound``
  A string representing the sound to be played when this notification arrives.
  A value of ``default`` means to play a default sound. A device may choose to
  alert the user by some other means if appropriate, eg. vibration.
``highlight``
  A boolean representing whether or not this message should be highlighted in
  the UI. This will normally take the form of presenting the message in a
  different colour and/or style. The UI might also be adjusted to draw
  particular attention to the room in which the event occurred. If a
  ``highlight`` tweak is given with no value, its value is defined to be
  ``true``. If no highlight tweak is given at all then the value of
  ``highlight`` is defined to be false.

Tweaks are passed transparently through the homeserver so client applications
and Push Gateways may agree on additional tweaks. For example, a tweak may be
added to specify how to flash the notification light on a mobile device.

Predefined Rules
++++++++++++++++
Homeservers can specify "server-default rules" which operate at a lower priority
than "user-defined rules". The ``rule_id`` for all server-default rules MUST
start with a dot (".") to identify them as "server-default". The following
server-default rules are specified:


Default Override Rules
^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^

``.m.rule.master``
``````````````````
Matches all events, this can be enabled to turn off all push notifications
other than those generated by override rules set by the user. By default this
rule is disabled.

Definition

.. code:: json

    {
        "rule_id": ".m.rule.master",
        "default": true,
        "enabled": false,
        "conditions": [],
        "actions": [
            "dont_notify"
        ]
    }

``.m.rule.suppress_notices``
````````````````````````````
Matches messages with a ``msgtype`` of ``notice``. This should be an
``override`` rule so that it takes priority over ``content`` / ``sender`` /
``room`` rules.

Definition:

.. code:: json

    {
        "rule_id": ".m.rule.suppress_notices",
        "default": true,
        "enabled": true,
        "conditions": [
            {
                "kind": "event_match",
                "key": "content.msgtype",
                "pattern": "m.notice",
            }
        ],
        "actions": [
            "dont_notify",
        ]
    }

``.m.rule.invite_for_me``
`````````````````````````
Matches any invites to a new room for this user.

Definition:

.. code:: json

    {
        "rule_id": ".m.rule.invite_for_me",
        "default": true,
        "enabled": true,
        "conditions": [
            {
                "key": "type",
                "kind": "event_match",
                "pattern": "m.room.member"
            },
            {
                "key": "content.membership",
                "kind": "event_match",
                "pattern": "invite"
            },
            {
                "key": "state_key",
                "kind": "event_match",
                "pattern": "[the user's Matrix ID]"
            }
        ],
        "actions": [
           "notify",
            {
                "set_tweak": "sound",
                "value": "default"
            },
            {
                "set_tweak": "highlight",
                "value": false
            }
        ]
    }

``.m.rule.member_event``
````````````````````````

Matches any ``m.room.member_event``.

Definition:

.. code:: json

    {
        "rule_id": ".m.rule.member_event",
        "default": true,
        "enabled": true,
        "conditions": [
            {
                "key": "type",
                "kind": "event_match",
                "pattern": "m.room.member"
            }
        ],
        "actions": [
            "dont_notify"
        ]
    }


``.m.rule.contains_display_name``
`````````````````````````````````
Matches any message whose content is unencrypted and contains the user's
current display name in the room in which it was sent.

Definition:

.. code:: json

    {
        "rule_id": ".m.rule.contains_display_name",
        "default": true,
        "enabled": true,
        "conditions": [
            {
                "kind": "contains_display_name"
            }
        ],
        "actions": [
            "notify",
            {
                "set_tweak": "sound",
                "value": "default"
            },
            {
                "set_tweak": "highlight"
            }
        ]
    }


Default Content Rules
^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^

``.m.rule.contains_user_name``
``````````````````````````````
Matches any message whose content is unencrypted and contains the local part
of the user's Matrix ID, separated by word boundaries.

Definition (as a ``content`` rule):

.. code:: json

    {
        "rule_id": ".m.rule.contains_user_name",
        "default": true,
        "enabled": true,
        "pattern": "[the local part of the user's Matrix ID]",
        "actions": [
            "notify",
            {
                "set_tweak": "sound",
                "value": "default"
            }
        ]
    }

Default Underride Rules
^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^

``.m.rule.call``
````````````````
Matches any incoming VOIP call.

Definition:

.. code:: json

    {
        "rule_id": ".m.rule.call",
        "default": true,
        "enabled": true,
        "conditions": [
            {
                "key": "type",
                "kind": "event_match",
                "pattern": "m.call.invite"
            }
        ],
        "actions": [
            "notify",
            {
                "set_tweak": "sound",
                "value": "ring"
            },
            {
                "set_tweak": "highlight",
                "value": false
            }
        ]
    },

``.m.rule.room_one_to_one``
```````````````````````````
Matches any message sent in a room with exactly two members.

Definition:

.. code:: json

    {
        "rule_id": ".m.rule.room_one_to_one",
        "default": true,
        "enabled": true,
        "conditions": [
            {
                "kind": "room_member_count",
                "is": "2"
            }
        ],
        "actions": [
            "notify",
            {
                "set_tweak": "sound",
                "value": "default"
            },
            {
                "set_tweak": "highlight",
                "value": false
            }
        ]
    }

``.m.rule.message``
```````````````````
Matches all chat messages.

Definition:

.. code:: json

   {
        "rule_id": ".m.rule.message",
        "default": true,
        "enabled": true,
        "conditions": [
            {
                "kind": "event_match",
                "key": "type",
                "pattern": "m.room.message"
            }
        ],
        "actions": [
            "notify",
            {
                "set_tweak": "highlight",
                "value": false
            }
        ]
   }


Conditions
++++++++++

Override, Underride and Default Rules MAY have a list of 'conditions'. 
All conditions must hold true for an event in order to apply the ``action`` for
the event. A rule with no conditions always matches. Room, Sender, User and
Content rules do not have conditions in the same way, but instead have
predefined conditions. These conditions can be configured using the parameters
outlined below. In the cases of room and sender rules, the ``rule_id`` of the
rule determines its behaviour. The following conditions are defined:

``event_match``
  This is a glob pattern match on a field of the event. Parameters:

  * ``key``: The dot-separated field of the event to match, e.g. ``content.body``
  * ``pattern``: The glob-style pattern to match against. Patterns with no
    special glob characters should be treated as having asterisks
    prepended and appended when testing the condition.

``contains_display_name``
  This matches unencrypted messages where ``content.body`` contains the owner's
  display name in that room. This is a separate rule because display names may
  change and as such it would be hard to maintain a rule that matched the user's
  display name. This condition has no parameters.

``room_member_count``
  This matches the current number of members in the room. Parameters:

  * ``is``: A decimal integer optionally prefixed by one of, ``==``, ``<``,
    ``>``, ``>=`` or ``<=``. A prefix of ``<`` matches rooms where the member
    count is strictly less than the given number and so forth. If no prefix is
    present, this parameter defaults to ``==``.

Push Rules: API
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~

Clients can retrieve, add, modify and remove push rules globally or per-device
using the APIs below.

{{pushrules_cs_http_api}}


Push Rules: Events
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~

When a user changes their push rules a ``m.push_rules`` event is sent to all
clients in the ``account_data`` section of their next ``/sync`` request. The
content of the event is the current push rules for the user.

Examples
++++++++

To create a rule that suppresses notifications for the room with ID
``!dj234r78wl45Gh4D:matrix.org``::

  curl -X PUT -H "Content-Type: application/json" "https://example.com/_matrix/client/api/%CLIENT_MAJOR_VERSION%/pushrules/global/room/%21dj234r78wl45Gh4D%3Amatrix.org?access_token=123456" -d \
  '{
     "actions" : ["dont_notify"]
   }'

To suppress notifications for the user ``@spambot:matrix.org``::

  curl -X PUT -H "Content-Type: application/json" "https://example.com/_matrix/client/api/%CLIENT_MAJOR_VERSION%/pushrules/global/sender/%40spambot%3Amatrix.org?access_token=123456" -d \
  '{
     "actions" : ["dont_notify"]
   }'

To always notify for messages that contain the work 'cake' and set a specific
sound (with a rule_id of ``SSByZWFsbHkgbGlrZSBjYWtl``)::

  curl -X PUT -H "Content-Type: application/json" "https://example.com/_matrix/client/api/%CLIENT_MAJOR_VERSION%/pushrules/global/content/SSByZWFsbHkgbGlrZSBjYWtl?access_token=123456" -d \
  '{
     "pattern": "cake",
     "actions" : ["notify", {"set_sound":"cakealarm.wav"}]
   }'

To add a rule suppressing notifications for messages starting with 'cake' but
ending with 'lie', superseding the previous rule::

  curl -X PUT -H "Content-Type: application/json" "https://example.com/_matrix/client/api/%CLIENT_MAJOR_VERSION%/pushrules/global/content/U3BvbmdlIGNha2UgaXMgYmVzdA?access_token=123456&before=SSByZWFsbHkgbGlrZSBjYWtl" -d \
  '{
     "pattern": "cake*lie",
     "actions" : ["notify"]
   }'

To add a custom sound for notifications messages containing the word 'beer' in
any rooms with 10 members or fewer (with greater importance than the room,
sender and content rules)::

  curl -X PUT -H "Content-Type: application/json" "https://example.com/_matrix/client/api/%CLIENT_MAJOR_VERSION%/pushrules/global/override/U2VlIHlvdSBpbiBUaGUgRHVrZQ?access_token=123456" -d \
  '{
     "conditions": [
       {"kind": "event_match", "key": "content.body", "pattern": "beer" },
       {"kind": "room_member_count", "is": "<=10"}
     ],
     "actions" : [
       "notify",
       {"set_sound":"beeroclock.wav"}
     ]
   }'

Server behaviour
----------------

Push Gateway behaviour
----------------------

Recommendations for APNS
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
The exact format for sending APNS notifications is flexible and up to the
client app and its' push gateway to agree on. As APNS requires that the sender
has a private key owned by the app developer, each app must have its own push
gateway. It is recommended that:

* The APNS token be base64 encoded and used as the pushkey.
* A different app_id be used for apps on the production and sandbox
  APS environments.
* APNS push gateways do not attempt to wait for errors from the APNS
  gateway before returning and instead to store failures and return
  'rejected' responses next time that pushkey is used.

Security considerations
-----------------------

Clients specify the Push Gateway URL to use to send event notifications to. This
URL should be over HTTPS and *never* over HTTP.

As push notifications will pass through a Push Provider, message content
shouldn't be sent in the push itself where possible. Instead, Push Gateways
should send a "sync" command to instruct the client to get new events from the
homeserver directly.

