diff --git a/docs/src/api/params.md b/docs/src/api/params.md
index e974d13001..8aadbbe078 100644
--- a/docs/src/api/params.md
+++ b/docs/src/api/params.md
@@ -524,13 +524,16 @@ Does not enforce fixed viewport, allows resizing window in the headed mode.
 ## context-option-clientCertificates
 - `clientCertificates` <[Array]<[Object]>>
   - `url` <[string]> Glob pattern to match the URLs that the certificate is valid for.
-  - `certs` <[Array]<[Object]>> List of client certificates to be used.
-    - `certPath` ?<[string]> Path to the file with the certificate in PEM format.
-    - `keyPath` ?<[string]> Path to the file with the private key in PEM format.
-    - `pfxPath` ?<[string]> Path to the PFX or PKCS12 encoded private key and certificate chain.
-    - `passphrase` ?<[string]> Passphrase for the private key (PEM or PFX).
+  - `certPath` ?<[string]> Path to the file with the certificate in PEM format.
+  - `keyPath` ?<[string]> Path to the file with the private key in PEM format.
+  - `pfxPath` ?<[string]> Path to the PFX or PKCS12 encoded private key and certificate chain.
+  - `passphrase` ?<[string]> Passphrase for the private key (PEM or PFX).
 
-An array of client certificates to be used. Each certificate object must have both `certPath` and `keyPath` or a single `pfxPath` to load the client certificate. Optionally, `passphrase` property should be provided if the private key is encrypted. If the certificate is valid only for specific URLs, the `url` property should be provided with a glob pattern to match the URLs that the certificate is valid for.
+TLS Client Authentication allows the server to request a client certificate and verify it.
+
+**Details**
+
+An array of client certificates to be used. Each certificate object must have both `certPath` and `keyPath` or a single `pfxPath` to load the client certificate. Optionally, `passphrase` property should be provided if the certficiate is encrypted. If the certificate is valid only for specific URLs, the `url` property should be provided with a glob pattern to match the URLs that the certificate is valid for.
 
 :::note
 Using Client Certificates in combination with Proxy Servers is not supported.
diff --git a/docs/src/test-api/class-testoptions.md b/docs/src/test-api/class-testoptions.md
index d862287f13..67a6339d50 100644
--- a/docs/src/test-api/class-testoptions.md
+++ b/docs/src/test-api/class-testoptions.md
@@ -148,22 +148,14 @@ export default defineConfig({
 import { defineConfig } from '@playwright/test';
 
 export default defineConfig({
-  projects: [
-    {
-      name: 'Microsoft Edge',
-      use: {
-        ...devices['Desktop Edge'],
-        clientCertificates: [{
-          url: 'https://example.com/**',
-          certs: [{
-            certPath: './cert.pem',
-            keyPath: './key.pem',
-            passphrase: 'mysecretpassword',
-          }],
-        }],
-      },
-    },
-  ]
+  use: {
+    clientCertificates: [{
+      url: 'https://example.com',
+      certPath: './cert.pem',
+      keyPath: './key.pem',
+      passphrase: 'mysecretpassword',
+    }],
+  },
 });
 ```
 
diff --git a/packages/playwright-core/src/client/browserContext.ts b/packages/playwright-core/src/client/browserContext.ts
index 5100b0db25..8a1cd7309d 100644
--- a/packages/playwright-core/src/client/browserContext.ts
+++ b/packages/playwright-core/src/client/browserContext.ts
@@ -550,20 +550,16 @@ function toAcceptDownloadsProtocol(acceptDownloads?: boolean) {
   return 'deny';
 }
 
-export async function toClientCertificatesProtocol(clientCertificates?: BrowserContextOptions['clientCertificates']): Promise<channels.PlaywrightNewRequestParams['clientCertificates']> {
-  if (!clientCertificates)
+export async function toClientCertificatesProtocol(certs?: BrowserContextOptions['clientCertificates']): Promise<channels.PlaywrightNewRequestParams['clientCertificates']> {
+  if (!certs)
     return undefined;
-  return await Promise.all(clientCertificates.map(async clientCertificate => {
+  return await Promise.all(certs.map(async cert => {
     return {
-      url: clientCertificate.url,
-      certs: await Promise.all(clientCertificate.certs.map(async cert => {
-        return {
-          cert: cert.certPath ? await fs.promises.readFile(cert.certPath) : undefined,
-          key: cert.keyPath ? await fs.promises.readFile(cert.keyPath) : undefined,
-          pfx: cert.pfxPath ? await fs.promises.readFile(cert.pfxPath) : undefined,
-          passphrase: cert.passphrase,
-        };
-      }))
+      url: cert.url,
+      cert: cert.certPath ? await fs.promises.readFile(cert.certPath) : undefined,
+      key: cert.keyPath ? await fs.promises.readFile(cert.keyPath) : undefined,
+      pfx: cert.pfxPath ? await fs.promises.readFile(cert.pfxPath) : undefined,
+      passphrase: cert.passphrase,
     };
   }));
 }
diff --git a/packages/playwright-core/src/client/types.ts b/packages/playwright-core/src/client/types.ts
index 4c6f23d977..0e9b0e9a38 100644
--- a/packages/playwright-core/src/client/types.ts
+++ b/packages/playwright-core/src/client/types.ts
@@ -49,12 +49,10 @@ export const kLifecycleEvents: Set<LifecycleEvent> = new Set(['load', 'domconten
 
 export type ClientCertificate = {
   url: string;
-  certs: {
-    certPath?: string;
-    keyPath?: string;
-    pfxPath?: string;
-    passphrase?: string;
-  }[];
+  certPath?: string;
+  keyPath?: string;
+  pfxPath?: string;
+  passphrase?: string;
 };
 
 export type BrowserContextOptions = Omit<channels.BrowserNewContextOptions, 'viewport' | 'noDefaultViewport' | 'extraHTTPHeaders' | 'clientCertificates' | 'storageState' | 'recordHar' | 'colorScheme' | 'reducedMotion' | 'forcedColors' | 'acceptDownloads'> & {
diff --git a/packages/playwright-core/src/protocol/validator.ts b/packages/playwright-core/src/protocol/validator.ts
index 9fa68b7bb9..42b5354e8f 100644
--- a/packages/playwright-core/src/protocol/validator.ts
+++ b/packages/playwright-core/src/protocol/validator.ts
@@ -338,12 +338,10 @@ scheme.PlaywrightNewRequestParams = tObject({
   extraHTTPHeaders: tOptional(tArray(tType('NameValue'))),
   clientCertificates: tOptional(tArray(tObject({
     url: tString,
-    certs: tArray(tObject({
-      cert: tOptional(tBinary),
-      key: tOptional(tBinary),
-      passphrase: tOptional(tString),
-      pfx: tOptional(tBinary),
-    })),
+    cert: tOptional(tBinary),
+    key: tOptional(tBinary),
+    passphrase: tOptional(tString),
+    pfx: tOptional(tBinary),
   }))),
   httpCredentials: tOptional(tObject({
     username: tString,
@@ -548,12 +546,10 @@ scheme.BrowserTypeLaunchPersistentContextParams = tObject({
   ignoreHTTPSErrors: tOptional(tBoolean),
   clientCertificates: tOptional(tArray(tObject({
     url: tString,
-    certs: tArray(tObject({
-      cert: tOptional(tBinary),
-      key: tOptional(tBinary),
-      passphrase: tOptional(tString),
-      pfx: tOptional(tBinary),
-    })),
+    cert: tOptional(tBinary),
+    key: tOptional(tBinary),
+    passphrase: tOptional(tString),
+    pfx: tOptional(tBinary),
   }))),
   javaScriptEnabled: tOptional(tBoolean),
   bypassCSP: tOptional(tBoolean),
@@ -636,12 +632,10 @@ scheme.BrowserNewContextParams = tObject({
   ignoreHTTPSErrors: tOptional(tBoolean),
   clientCertificates: tOptional(tArray(tObject({
     url: tString,
-    certs: tArray(tObject({
-      cert: tOptional(tBinary),
-      key: tOptional(tBinary),
-      passphrase: tOptional(tString),
-      pfx: tOptional(tBinary),
-    })),
+    cert: tOptional(tBinary),
+    key: tOptional(tBinary),
+    passphrase: tOptional(tString),
+    pfx: tOptional(tBinary),
   }))),
   javaScriptEnabled: tOptional(tBoolean),
   bypassCSP: tOptional(tBoolean),
@@ -707,12 +701,10 @@ scheme.BrowserNewContextForReuseParams = tObject({
   ignoreHTTPSErrors: tOptional(tBoolean),
   clientCertificates: tOptional(tArray(tObject({
     url: tString,
-    certs: tArray(tObject({
-      cert: tOptional(tBinary),
-      key: tOptional(tBinary),
-      passphrase: tOptional(tString),
-      pfx: tOptional(tBinary),
-    })),
+    cert: tOptional(tBinary),
+    key: tOptional(tBinary),
+    passphrase: tOptional(tString),
+    pfx: tOptional(tBinary),
   }))),
   javaScriptEnabled: tOptional(tBoolean),
   bypassCSP: tOptional(tBoolean),
@@ -2527,12 +2519,10 @@ scheme.AndroidDeviceLaunchBrowserParams = tObject({
   ignoreHTTPSErrors: tOptional(tBoolean),
   clientCertificates: tOptional(tArray(tObject({
     url: tString,
-    certs: tArray(tObject({
-      cert: tOptional(tBinary),
-      key: tOptional(tBinary),
-      passphrase: tOptional(tString),
-      pfx: tOptional(tBinary),
-    })),
+    cert: tOptional(tBinary),
+    key: tOptional(tBinary),
+    passphrase: tOptional(tString),
+    pfx: tOptional(tBinary),
   }))),
   javaScriptEnabled: tOptional(tBoolean),
   bypassCSP: tOptional(tBoolean),
diff --git a/packages/playwright-core/src/server/browserContext.ts b/packages/playwright-core/src/server/browserContext.ts
index 45ecfb4dc1..056bc9e1b4 100644
--- a/packages/playwright-core/src/server/browserContext.ts
+++ b/packages/playwright-core/src/server/browserContext.ts
@@ -725,21 +725,17 @@ export function verifyGeolocation(geolocation?: types.Geolocation) {
 export function verifyClientCertificates(clientCertificates?: channels.BrowserNewContextParams['clientCertificates']) {
   if (!clientCertificates)
     return;
-  for (const { url, certs } of clientCertificates) {
-    if (!url)
+  for (const cert of clientCertificates) {
+    if (!cert.url)
       throw new Error(`clientCertificates.url is required`);
-    if (!certs.length)
-      throw new Error('No certs specified for url: ' + url);
-    for (const cert of certs) {
-      if (!cert.cert && !cert.key && !cert.passphrase && !cert.pfx)
-        throw new Error('None of cert, key, passphrase or pfx is specified');
-      if (cert.cert && !cert.key)
-        throw new Error('cert is specified without key');
-      if (!cert.cert && cert.key)
-        throw new Error('key is specified without cert');
-      if (cert.pfx && (cert.cert || cert.key))
-        throw new Error('pfx is specified together with cert, key or passphrase');
-    }
+    if (!cert.cert && !cert.key && !cert.passphrase && !cert.pfx)
+      throw new Error('None of cert, key, passphrase or pfx is specified');
+    if (cert.cert && !cert.key)
+      throw new Error('cert is specified without key');
+    if (!cert.cert && cert.key)
+      throw new Error('key is specified without cert');
+    if (cert.pfx && (cert.cert || cert.key))
+      throw new Error('pfx is specified together with cert, key or passphrase');
   }
 }
 
diff --git a/packages/playwright-core/src/server/socksClientCertificatesInterceptor.ts b/packages/playwright-core/src/server/socksClientCertificatesInterceptor.ts
index 5b3759bd11..04770cd528 100644
--- a/packages/playwright-core/src/server/socksClientCertificatesInterceptor.ts
+++ b/packages/playwright-core/src/server/socksClientCertificatesInterceptor.ts
@@ -196,15 +196,13 @@ export function clientCertificatesToTLSOptions(
     key: [] as { pem: Buffer, passphrase?: string }[],
     cert: [] as Buffer[],
   };
-  for (const { certs } of matchingCerts) {
-    for (const cert of certs) {
-      if (cert.cert)
-        tlsOptions.cert.push(cert.cert);
-      if (cert.key)
-        tlsOptions.key.push({ pem: cert.key, passphrase: cert.passphrase });
-      if (cert.pfx)
-        tlsOptions.pfx.push({ buf: cert.pfx, passphrase: cert.passphrase });
-    }
+  for (const cert of matchingCerts) {
+    if (cert.cert)
+      tlsOptions.cert.push(cert.cert);
+    if (cert.key)
+      tlsOptions.key.push({ pem: cert.key, passphrase: cert.passphrase });
+    if (cert.pfx)
+      tlsOptions.pfx.push({ buf: cert.pfx, passphrase: cert.passphrase });
   }
   return tlsOptions;
 }
diff --git a/packages/playwright-core/types/types.d.ts b/packages/playwright-core/types/types.d.ts
index 2d9b0e6a6d..0d38ca7c2b 100644
--- a/packages/playwright-core/types/types.d.ts
+++ b/packages/playwright-core/types/types.d.ts
@@ -13166,9 +13166,13 @@ export interface BrowserType<Unused = {}> {
     chromiumSandbox?: boolean;
 
     /**
+     * TLS Client Authentication allows the server to request a client certificate and verify it.
+     *
+     * **Details**
+     *
      * An array of client certificates to be used. Each certificate object must have both `certPath` and `keyPath` or a
      * single `pfxPath` to load the client certificate. Optionally, `passphrase` property should be provided if the
-     * private key is encrypted. If the certificate is valid only for specific URLs, the `url` property should be provided
+     * certficiate is encrypted. If the certificate is valid only for specific URLs, the `url` property should be provided
      * with a glob pattern to match the URLs that the certificate is valid for.
      *
      * **NOTE** Using Client Certificates in combination with Proxy Servers is not supported.
@@ -13183,29 +13187,24 @@ export interface BrowserType<Unused = {}> {
       url: string;
 
       /**
-       * List of client certificates to be used.
+       * Path to the file with the certificate in PEM format.
        */
-      certs: Array<{
-        /**
-         * Path to the file with the certificate in PEM format.
-         */
-        certPath?: string;
+      certPath?: string;
 
-        /**
-         * Path to the file with the private key in PEM format.
-         */
-        keyPath?: string;
+      /**
+       * Path to the file with the private key in PEM format.
+       */
+      keyPath?: string;
 
-        /**
-         * Path to the PFX or PKCS12 encoded private key and certificate chain.
-         */
-        pfxPath?: string;
+      /**
+       * Path to the PFX or PKCS12 encoded private key and certificate chain.
+       */
+      pfxPath?: string;
 
-        /**
-         * Passphrase for the private key (PEM or PFX).
-         */
-        passphrase?: string;
-      }>;
+      /**
+       * Passphrase for the private key (PEM or PFX).
+       */
+      passphrase?: string;
     }>;
 
     /**
@@ -15578,9 +15577,13 @@ export interface APIRequest {
     baseURL?: string;
 
     /**
+     * TLS Client Authentication allows the server to request a client certificate and verify it.
+     *
+     * **Details**
+     *
      * An array of client certificates to be used. Each certificate object must have both `certPath` and `keyPath` or a
      * single `pfxPath` to load the client certificate. Optionally, `passphrase` property should be provided if the
-     * private key is encrypted. If the certificate is valid only for specific URLs, the `url` property should be provided
+     * certficiate is encrypted. If the certificate is valid only for specific URLs, the `url` property should be provided
      * with a glob pattern to match the URLs that the certificate is valid for.
      *
      * **NOTE** Using Client Certificates in combination with Proxy Servers is not supported.
@@ -15595,29 +15598,24 @@ export interface APIRequest {
       url: string;
 
       /**
-       * List of client certificates to be used.
+       * Path to the file with the certificate in PEM format.
        */
-      certs: Array<{
-        /**
-         * Path to the file with the certificate in PEM format.
-         */
-        certPath?: string;
+      certPath?: string;
 
-        /**
-         * Path to the file with the private key in PEM format.
-         */
-        keyPath?: string;
+      /**
+       * Path to the file with the private key in PEM format.
+       */
+      keyPath?: string;
 
-        /**
-         * Path to the PFX or PKCS12 encoded private key and certificate chain.
-         */
-        pfxPath?: string;
+      /**
+       * Path to the PFX or PKCS12 encoded private key and certificate chain.
+       */
+      pfxPath?: string;
 
-        /**
-         * Passphrase for the private key (PEM or PFX).
-         */
-        passphrase?: string;
-      }>;
+      /**
+       * Passphrase for the private key (PEM or PFX).
+       */
+      passphrase?: string;
     }>;
 
     /**
@@ -16772,9 +16770,13 @@ export interface Browser extends EventEmitter {
     bypassCSP?: boolean;
 
     /**
+     * TLS Client Authentication allows the server to request a client certificate and verify it.
+     *
+     * **Details**
+     *
      * An array of client certificates to be used. Each certificate object must have both `certPath` and `keyPath` or a
      * single `pfxPath` to load the client certificate. Optionally, `passphrase` property should be provided if the
-     * private key is encrypted. If the certificate is valid only for specific URLs, the `url` property should be provided
+     * certficiate is encrypted. If the certificate is valid only for specific URLs, the `url` property should be provided
      * with a glob pattern to match the URLs that the certificate is valid for.
      *
      * **NOTE** Using Client Certificates in combination with Proxy Servers is not supported.
@@ -16789,29 +16791,24 @@ export interface Browser extends EventEmitter {
       url: string;
 
       /**
-       * List of client certificates to be used.
+       * Path to the file with the certificate in PEM format.
        */
-      certs: Array<{
-        /**
-         * Path to the file with the certificate in PEM format.
-         */
-        certPath?: string;
+      certPath?: string;
 
-        /**
-         * Path to the file with the private key in PEM format.
-         */
-        keyPath?: string;
+      /**
+       * Path to the file with the private key in PEM format.
+       */
+      keyPath?: string;
 
-        /**
-         * Path to the PFX or PKCS12 encoded private key and certificate chain.
-         */
-        pfxPath?: string;
+      /**
+       * Path to the PFX or PKCS12 encoded private key and certificate chain.
+       */
+      pfxPath?: string;
 
-        /**
-         * Passphrase for the private key (PEM or PFX).
-         */
-        passphrase?: string;
-      }>;
+      /**
+       * Passphrase for the private key (PEM or PFX).
+       */
+      passphrase?: string;
     }>;
 
     /**
@@ -20223,9 +20220,13 @@ export interface BrowserContextOptions {
   bypassCSP?: boolean;
 
   /**
+   * TLS Client Authentication allows the server to request a client certificate and verify it.
+   *
+   * **Details**
+   *
    * An array of client certificates to be used. Each certificate object must have both `certPath` and `keyPath` or a
    * single `pfxPath` to load the client certificate. Optionally, `passphrase` property should be provided if the
-   * private key is encrypted. If the certificate is valid only for specific URLs, the `url` property should be provided
+   * certficiate is encrypted. If the certificate is valid only for specific URLs, the `url` property should be provided
    * with a glob pattern to match the URLs that the certificate is valid for.
    *
    * **NOTE** Using Client Certificates in combination with Proxy Servers is not supported.
@@ -20240,29 +20241,24 @@ export interface BrowserContextOptions {
     url: string;
 
     /**
-     * List of client certificates to be used.
+     * Path to the file with the certificate in PEM format.
      */
-    certs: Array<{
-      /**
-       * Path to the file with the certificate in PEM format.
-       */
-      certPath?: string;
+    certPath?: string;
 
-      /**
-       * Path to the file with the private key in PEM format.
-       */
-      keyPath?: string;
+    /**
+     * Path to the file with the private key in PEM format.
+     */
+    keyPath?: string;
 
-      /**
-       * Path to the PFX or PKCS12 encoded private key and certificate chain.
-       */
-      pfxPath?: string;
+    /**
+     * Path to the PFX or PKCS12 encoded private key and certificate chain.
+     */
+    pfxPath?: string;
 
-      /**
-       * Passphrase for the private key (PEM or PFX).
-       */
-      passphrase?: string;
-    }>;
+    /**
+     * Passphrase for the private key (PEM or PFX).
+     */
+    passphrase?: string;
   }>;
 
   /**
diff --git a/packages/playwright/src/index.ts b/packages/playwright/src/index.ts
index 5685afb33b..9a159c984a 100644
--- a/packages/playwright/src/index.ts
+++ b/packages/playwright/src/index.ts
@@ -479,12 +479,10 @@ function resolveFileToConfig(file: string | undefined) {
 type ClientCertificates = NonNullable<PlaywrightTestOptions['clientCertificates']>;
 
 function resolveClientCerticates(clientCertificates: ClientCertificates): ClientCertificates {
-  for (const { certs } of clientCertificates) {
-    for (const cert of certs) {
-      cert.certPath = resolveFileToConfig(cert.certPath);
-      cert.keyPath = resolveFileToConfig(cert.keyPath);
-      cert.pfxPath = resolveFileToConfig(cert.pfxPath);
-    }
+  for (const cert of clientCertificates) {
+    cert.certPath = resolveFileToConfig(cert.certPath);
+    cert.keyPath = resolveFileToConfig(cert.keyPath);
+    cert.pfxPath = resolveFileToConfig(cert.pfxPath);
   }
   return clientCertificates;
 }
diff --git a/packages/playwright/types/test.d.ts b/packages/playwright/types/test.d.ts
index 9d1d053a70..e7cee67b65 100644
--- a/packages/playwright/types/test.d.ts
+++ b/packages/playwright/types/test.d.ts
@@ -5202,9 +5202,13 @@ export interface PlaywrightTestOptions {
    */
   colorScheme: ColorScheme;
   /**
+   * TLS Client Authentication allows the server to request a client certificate and verify it.
+   *
+   * **Details**
+   *
    * An array of client certificates to be used. Each certificate object must have both `certPath` and `keyPath` or a
    * single `pfxPath` to load the client certificate. Optionally, `passphrase` property should be provided if the
-   * private key is encrypted. If the certificate is valid only for specific URLs, the `url` property should be provided
+   * certficiate is encrypted. If the certificate is valid only for specific URLs, the `url` property should be provided
    * with a glob pattern to match the URLs that the certificate is valid for.
    *
    * **NOTE** Using Client Certificates in combination with Proxy Servers is not supported.
@@ -5219,22 +5223,14 @@ export interface PlaywrightTestOptions {
    * import { defineConfig } from '@playwright/test';
    *
    * export default defineConfig({
-   *   projects: [
-   *     {
-   *       name: 'Microsoft Edge',
-   *       use: {
-   *         ...devices['Desktop Edge'],
-   *         clientCertificates: [{
-   *           url: 'https://example.com/**',
-   *           certs: [{
-   *             certPath: './cert.pem',
-   *             keyPath: './key.pem',
-   *             passphrase: 'mysecretpassword',
-   *           }],
-   *         }],
-   *       },
-   *     },
-   *   ]
+   *   use: {
+   *     clientCertificates: [{
+   *       url: 'https://example.com',
+   *       certPath: './cert.pem',
+   *       keyPath: './key.pem',
+   *       passphrase: 'mysecretpassword',
+   *     }],
+   *   },
    * });
    * ```
    *
diff --git a/packages/protocol/src/channels.ts b/packages/protocol/src/channels.ts
index f36b711b5b..00ce092d2c 100644
--- a/packages/protocol/src/channels.ts
+++ b/packages/protocol/src/channels.ts
@@ -583,12 +583,10 @@ export type PlaywrightNewRequestParams = {
   extraHTTPHeaders?: NameValue[],
   clientCertificates?: {
     url: string,
-    certs: {
-      cert?: Binary,
-      key?: Binary,
-      passphrase?: string,
-      pfx?: Binary,
-    }[],
+    cert?: Binary,
+    key?: Binary,
+    passphrase?: string,
+    pfx?: Binary,
   }[],
   httpCredentials?: {
     username: string,
@@ -616,12 +614,10 @@ export type PlaywrightNewRequestOptions = {
   extraHTTPHeaders?: NameValue[],
   clientCertificates?: {
     url: string,
-    certs: {
-      cert?: Binary,
-      key?: Binary,
-      passphrase?: string,
-      pfx?: Binary,
-    }[],
+    cert?: Binary,
+    key?: Binary,
+    passphrase?: string,
+    pfx?: Binary,
   }[],
   httpCredentials?: {
     username: string,
@@ -969,12 +965,10 @@ export type BrowserTypeLaunchPersistentContextParams = {
   ignoreHTTPSErrors?: boolean,
   clientCertificates?: {
     url: string,
-    certs: {
-      cert?: Binary,
-      key?: Binary,
-      passphrase?: string,
-      pfx?: Binary,
-    }[],
+    cert?: Binary,
+    key?: Binary,
+    passphrase?: string,
+    pfx?: Binary,
   }[],
   javaScriptEnabled?: boolean,
   bypassCSP?: boolean,
@@ -1051,12 +1045,10 @@ export type BrowserTypeLaunchPersistentContextOptions = {
   ignoreHTTPSErrors?: boolean,
   clientCertificates?: {
     url: string,
-    certs: {
-      cert?: Binary,
-      key?: Binary,
-      passphrase?: string,
-      pfx?: Binary,
-    }[],
+    cert?: Binary,
+    key?: Binary,
+    passphrase?: string,
+    pfx?: Binary,
   }[],
   javaScriptEnabled?: boolean,
   bypassCSP?: boolean,
@@ -1168,12 +1160,10 @@ export type BrowserNewContextParams = {
   ignoreHTTPSErrors?: boolean,
   clientCertificates?: {
     url: string,
-    certs: {
-      cert?: Binary,
-      key?: Binary,
-      passphrase?: string,
-      pfx?: Binary,
-    }[],
+    cert?: Binary,
+    key?: Binary,
+    passphrase?: string,
+    pfx?: Binary,
   }[],
   javaScriptEnabled?: boolean,
   bypassCSP?: boolean,
@@ -1236,12 +1226,10 @@ export type BrowserNewContextOptions = {
   ignoreHTTPSErrors?: boolean,
   clientCertificates?: {
     url: string,
-    certs: {
-      cert?: Binary,
-      key?: Binary,
-      passphrase?: string,
-      pfx?: Binary,
-    }[],
+    cert?: Binary,
+    key?: Binary,
+    passphrase?: string,
+    pfx?: Binary,
   }[],
   javaScriptEnabled?: boolean,
   bypassCSP?: boolean,
@@ -1307,12 +1295,10 @@ export type BrowserNewContextForReuseParams = {
   ignoreHTTPSErrors?: boolean,
   clientCertificates?: {
     url: string,
-    certs: {
-      cert?: Binary,
-      key?: Binary,
-      passphrase?: string,
-      pfx?: Binary,
-    }[],
+    cert?: Binary,
+    key?: Binary,
+    passphrase?: string,
+    pfx?: Binary,
   }[],
   javaScriptEnabled?: boolean,
   bypassCSP?: boolean,
@@ -1375,12 +1361,10 @@ export type BrowserNewContextForReuseOptions = {
   ignoreHTTPSErrors?: boolean,
   clientCertificates?: {
     url: string,
-    certs: {
-      cert?: Binary,
-      key?: Binary,
-      passphrase?: string,
-      pfx?: Binary,
-    }[],
+    cert?: Binary,
+    key?: Binary,
+    passphrase?: string,
+    pfx?: Binary,
   }[],
   javaScriptEnabled?: boolean,
   bypassCSP?: boolean,
@@ -4583,12 +4567,10 @@ export type AndroidDeviceLaunchBrowserParams = {
   ignoreHTTPSErrors?: boolean,
   clientCertificates?: {
     url: string,
-    certs: {
-      cert?: Binary,
-      key?: Binary,
-      passphrase?: string,
-      pfx?: Binary,
-    }[],
+    cert?: Binary,
+    key?: Binary,
+    passphrase?: string,
+    pfx?: Binary,
   }[],
   javaScriptEnabled?: boolean,
   bypassCSP?: boolean,
@@ -4649,12 +4631,10 @@ export type AndroidDeviceLaunchBrowserOptions = {
   ignoreHTTPSErrors?: boolean,
   clientCertificates?: {
     url: string,
-    certs: {
-      cert?: Binary,
-      key?: Binary,
-      passphrase?: string,
-      pfx?: Binary,
-    }[],
+    cert?: Binary,
+    key?: Binary,
+    passphrase?: string,
+    pfx?: Binary,
   }[],
   javaScriptEnabled?: boolean,
   bypassCSP?: boolean,
diff --git a/packages/protocol/src/protocol.yml b/packages/protocol/src/protocol.yml
index a6b91ce3c0..7e986cd96a 100644
--- a/packages/protocol/src/protocol.yml
+++ b/packages/protocol/src/protocol.yml
@@ -446,15 +446,10 @@ ContextOptions:
         type: object
         properties:
           url: string
-          certs:
-            type: array
-            items:
-              type: object
-              properties:
-                cert: binary?
-                key: binary?
-                passphrase: string?
-                pfx: binary?
+          cert: binary?
+          key: binary?
+          passphrase: string?
+          pfx: binary?
     javaScriptEnabled: boolean?
     bypassCSP: boolean?
     userAgent: string?
@@ -701,15 +696,10 @@ Playwright:
             type: object
             properties:
               url: string
-              certs:
-                type: array
-                items:
-                  type: object
-                  properties:
-                    cert: binary?
-                    key: binary?
-                    passphrase: string?
-                    pfx: binary?
+              cert: binary?
+              key: binary?
+              passphrase: string?
+              pfx: binary?
         httpCredentials:
           type: object?
           properties:
diff --git a/tests/library/client-certificates.spec.ts b/tests/library/client-certificates.spec.ts
index 6de4da2c9b..fff370b595 100644
--- a/tests/library/client-certificates.spec.ts
+++ b/tests/library/client-certificates.spec.ts
@@ -79,27 +79,22 @@ test.skip(({ mode }) => mode !== 'default');
 
 const kDummyFileName = __filename;
 const kValidationSubTests: [BrowserContextOptions, string][] = [
-  [{ clientCertificates: [{ url: 'test', certs: [] }] }, 'No certs specified for url: test'],
-  [{ clientCertificates: [{ url: 'test', certs: [{}] }] }, 'None of cert, key, passphrase or pfx is specified'],
+  [{ clientCertificates: [{ url: 'test' }] }, 'None of cert, key, passphrase or pfx is specified'],
   [{
     clientCertificates: [{
       url: 'test',
-      certs: [{
-        certPath: kDummyFileName,
-        keyPath: kDummyFileName,
-        pfxPath: kDummyFileName,
-        passphrase: kDummyFileName,
-      }]
+      certPath: kDummyFileName,
+      keyPath: kDummyFileName,
+      pfxPath: kDummyFileName,
+      passphrase: kDummyFileName,
     }]
   }, 'pfx is specified together with cert, key or passphrase'],
   [{
     proxy: { server: 'http://localhost:8080' },
     clientCertificates: [{
       url: 'test',
-      certs: [{
-        certPath: kDummyFileName,
-        keyPath: kDummyFileName,
-      }]
+      certPath: kDummyFileName,
+      keyPath: kDummyFileName,
     }]
   }, 'Cannot specify both proxy and clientCertificates'],
 ];
@@ -123,10 +118,8 @@ test.describe('fetch', () => {
     const request = await playwright.request.newContext({
       clientCertificates: [{
         url: server.PREFIX,
-        certs: [{
-          certPath: asset('client-certificates/client/trusted/cert.pem'),
-          keyPath: asset('client-certificates/client/trusted/key.pem'),
-        }],
+        certPath: asset('client-certificates/client/trusted/cert.pem'),
+        keyPath: asset('client-certificates/client/trusted/key.pem'),
       }],
     });
     const response = await request.get(server.PREFIX + '/one-style.html');
@@ -141,10 +134,8 @@ test.describe('fetch', () => {
     const request = await playwright.request.newContext({
       clientCertificates: [{
         url: serverURL,
-        certs: [{
-          certPath: asset('client-certificates/client/self-signed/cert.pem'),
-          keyPath: asset('client-certificates/client/self-signed/key.pem'),
-        }],
+        certPath: asset('client-certificates/client/self-signed/cert.pem'),
+        keyPath: asset('client-certificates/client/self-signed/key.pem'),
       }],
     });
     const response = await request.get(serverURL);
@@ -159,10 +150,8 @@ test.describe('fetch', () => {
     const request = await playwright.request.newContext({
       clientCertificates: [{
         url: serverURL,
-        certs: [{
-          certPath: asset('client-certificates/client/trusted/cert.pem'),
-          keyPath: asset('client-certificates/client/trusted/key.pem'),
-        }],
+        certPath: asset('client-certificates/client/trusted/cert.pem'),
+        keyPath: asset('client-certificates/client/trusted/key.pem'),
       }],
     });
     const response = await request.get(serverURL);
@@ -177,10 +166,8 @@ test.describe('fetch', () => {
     const request = await playwright.request.newContext({
       clientCertificates: [{
         url: serverURL,
-        certs: [{
-          certPath: asset('client-certificates/client/trusted/cert.pem'),
-          keyPath: asset('client-certificates/client/trusted/key.pem'),
-        }],
+        certPath: asset('client-certificates/client/trusted/cert.pem'),
+        keyPath: asset('client-certificates/client/trusted/key.pem'),
       }],
     });
     const page = await browser.newPage({ ignoreHTTPSErrors: true });
@@ -206,10 +193,8 @@ test.describe('browser', () => {
     const page = await browser.newPage({
       clientCertificates: [{
         url: server.PREFIX,
-        certs: [{
-          certPath: asset('client-certificates/client/trusted/cert.pem'),
-          keyPath: asset('client-certificates/client/trusted/key.pem'),
-        }],
+        certPath: asset('client-certificates/client/trusted/cert.pem'),
+        keyPath: asset('client-certificates/client/trusted/key.pem'),
       }],
     });
     await page.goto(server.PREFIX + '/one-style.html');
@@ -223,10 +208,8 @@ test.describe('browser', () => {
     const page = await browser.newPage({
       clientCertificates: [{
         url: 'https://not-matching.com',
-        certs: [{
-          certPath: asset('client-certificates/client/trusted/cert.pem'),
-          keyPath: asset('client-certificates/client/trusted/key.pem'),
-        }],
+        certPath: asset('client-certificates/client/trusted/cert.pem'),
+        keyPath: asset('client-certificates/client/trusted/key.pem'),
       }],
     });
     await page.goto(serverURL);
@@ -239,10 +222,8 @@ test.describe('browser', () => {
     const page = await browser.newPage({
       clientCertificates: [{
         url: serverURL,
-        certs: [{
-          certPath: asset('client-certificates/client/self-signed/cert.pem'),
-          keyPath: asset('client-certificates/client/self-signed/key.pem'),
-        }],
+        certPath: asset('client-certificates/client/self-signed/cert.pem'),
+        keyPath: asset('client-certificates/client/self-signed/key.pem'),
       }],
     });
     await page.goto(serverURL);
@@ -255,10 +236,8 @@ test.describe('browser', () => {
     const page = await browser.newPage({
       clientCertificates: [{
         url: serverURL,
-        certs: [{
-          certPath: asset('client-certificates/client/trusted/cert.pem'),
-          keyPath: asset('client-certificates/client/trusted/key.pem'),
-        }],
+        certPath: asset('client-certificates/client/trusted/cert.pem'),
+        keyPath: asset('client-certificates/client/trusted/key.pem'),
       }],
     });
     await page.goto(serverURL);
@@ -270,10 +249,8 @@ test.describe('browser', () => {
     const page = await browser.newPage({
       clientCertificates: [{
         url: 'https://just-there-that-the-client-certificates-proxy-server-is-getting-launched.com',
-        certs: [{
-          certPath: asset('client-certificates/client/trusted/cert.pem'),
-          keyPath: asset('client-certificates/client/trusted/key.pem'),
-        }],
+        certPath: asset('client-certificates/client/trusted/cert.pem'),
+        keyPath: asset('client-certificates/client/trusted/key.pem'),
       }],
     });
     await page.goto(browserName === 'webkit' && platform === 'darwin' ? httpsServer.EMPTY_PAGE.replace('localhost', 'local.playwright') : httpsServer.EMPTY_PAGE);
@@ -293,10 +270,8 @@ test.describe('browser', () => {
       const { page } = await launchPersistent({
         clientCertificates: [{
           url: serverURL,
-          certs: [{
-            certPath: asset('client-certificates/client/trusted/cert.pem'),
-            keyPath: asset('client-certificates/client/trusted/key.pem'),
-          }],
+          certPath: asset('client-certificates/client/trusted/cert.pem'),
+          keyPath: asset('client-certificates/client/trusted/key.pem'),
         }],
       });
       await page.goto(serverURL);