diff --git a/packages/playwright-core/src/server/bidi/bidiExecutionContext.ts b/packages/playwright-core/src/server/bidi/bidiExecutionContext.ts
index 201b3f999d..f53b160ccf 100644
--- a/packages/playwright-core/src/server/bidi/bidiExecutionContext.ts
+++ b/packages/playwright-core/src/server/bidi/bidiExecutionContext.ts
@@ -77,10 +77,6 @@ export class BidiExecutionContext implements js.ExecutionContextDelegate {
     throw new js.JavaScriptErrorInEvaluate('Unexpected response type: ' + JSON.stringify(response));
   }
 
-  rawCallFunctionNoReply(func: Function, ...args: any[]) {
-    throw new Error('Method not implemented.');
-  }
-
   async evaluateWithArguments(functionDeclaration: string, returnByValue: boolean, utilityScript: js.JSHandle<any>, values: any[], objectIds: string[]): Promise<any> {
     const response = await this._session.send('script.callFunction', {
       functionDeclaration,
diff --git a/packages/playwright-core/src/server/chromium/crExecutionContext.ts b/packages/playwright-core/src/server/chromium/crExecutionContext.ts
index d54505d283..1cd58de7af 100644
--- a/packages/playwright-core/src/server/chromium/crExecutionContext.ts
+++ b/packages/playwright-core/src/server/chromium/crExecutionContext.ts
@@ -53,16 +53,6 @@ export class CRExecutionContext implements js.ExecutionContextDelegate {
     return remoteObject.objectId!;
   }
 
-  rawCallFunctionNoReply(func: Function, ...args: any[]) {
-    this._client.send('Runtime.callFunctionOn', {
-      functionDeclaration: func.toString(),
-      arguments: args.map(a => a instanceof js.JSHandle ? { objectId: a._objectId } : { value: a }),
-      returnByValue: true,
-      executionContextId: this._contextId,
-      userGesture: true
-    }).catch(() => {});
-  }
-
   async evaluateWithArguments(expression: string, returnByValue: boolean, utilityScript: js.JSHandle<any>, values: any[], objectIds: string[]): Promise<any> {
     const { exceptionDetails, result: remoteObject } = await this._client.send('Runtime.callFunctionOn', {
       functionDeclaration: expression,
diff --git a/packages/playwright-core/src/server/dom.ts b/packages/playwright-core/src/server/dom.ts
index 05a8b4fda2..c2ed979fbe 100644
--- a/packages/playwright-core/src/server/dom.ts
+++ b/packages/playwright-core/src/server/dom.ts
@@ -421,7 +421,7 @@ export class ElementHandle<T extends Node = Node> extends js.JSHandle<T> {
       return maybePoint;
     const point = roundPoint(maybePoint);
     progress.metadata.point = point;
-    await progress.beforeInputAction(this);
+    await this.instrumentation.onBeforeInputAction(this, progress.metadata);
 
     let hitTargetInterceptionHandle: js.JSHandle<HitTargetInterceptionResult> | undefined;
     if (force) {
@@ -490,9 +490,19 @@ export class ElementHandle<T extends Node = Node> extends js.JSHandle<T> {
     return 'done';
   }
 
+  private async _markAsTargetElement(metadata: CallMetadata) {
+    if (!metadata.id)
+      return;
+    await this.evaluateInUtility(([injected, node, callId]) => {
+      if (node.nodeType === 1 /* Node.ELEMENT_NODE */)
+        injected.markTargetElements(new Set([node as Node as Element]), callId);
+    }, metadata.id);
+  }
+
   async hover(metadata: CallMetadata, options: types.PointerActionOptions & types.PointerActionWaitOptions): Promise<void> {
     const controller = new ProgressController(metadata, this);
     return controller.run(async progress => {
+      await this._markAsTargetElement(metadata);
       const result = await this._hover(progress, options);
       return assertDone(throwRetargetableDOMError(result));
     }, this._page._timeoutSettings.timeout(options));
@@ -505,6 +515,7 @@ export class ElementHandle<T extends Node = Node> extends js.JSHandle<T> {
   async click(metadata: CallMetadata, options: { noWaitAfter?: boolean } & types.MouseClickOptions & types.PointerActionWaitOptions = {}): Promise<void> {
     const controller = new ProgressController(metadata, this);
     return controller.run(async progress => {
+      await this._markAsTargetElement(metadata);
       const result = await this._click(progress, { ...options, waitAfter: !options.noWaitAfter });
       return assertDone(throwRetargetableDOMError(result));
     }, this._page._timeoutSettings.timeout(options));
@@ -517,6 +528,7 @@ export class ElementHandle<T extends Node = Node> extends js.JSHandle<T> {
   async dblclick(metadata: CallMetadata, options: types.MouseMultiClickOptions & types.PointerActionWaitOptions): Promise<void> {
     const controller = new ProgressController(metadata, this);
     return controller.run(async progress => {
+      await this._markAsTargetElement(metadata);
       const result = await this._dblclick(progress, options);
       return assertDone(throwRetargetableDOMError(result));
     }, this._page._timeoutSettings.timeout(options));
@@ -529,6 +541,7 @@ export class ElementHandle<T extends Node = Node> extends js.JSHandle<T> {
   async tap(metadata: CallMetadata, options: types.PointerActionWaitOptions = {}): Promise<void> {
     const controller = new ProgressController(metadata, this);
     return controller.run(async progress => {
+      await this._markAsTargetElement(metadata);
       const result = await this._tap(progress, options);
       return assertDone(throwRetargetableDOMError(result));
     }, this._page._timeoutSettings.timeout(options));
@@ -541,6 +554,7 @@ export class ElementHandle<T extends Node = Node> extends js.JSHandle<T> {
   async selectOption(metadata: CallMetadata, elements: ElementHandle[], values: types.SelectOption[], options: types.CommonActionOptions): Promise<string[]> {
     const controller = new ProgressController(metadata, this);
     return controller.run(async progress => {
+      await this._markAsTargetElement(metadata);
       const result = await this._selectOption(progress, elements, values, options);
       return throwRetargetableDOMError(result);
     }, this._page._timeoutSettings.timeout(options));
@@ -549,7 +563,7 @@ export class ElementHandle<T extends Node = Node> extends js.JSHandle<T> {
   async _selectOption(progress: Progress, elements: ElementHandle[], values: types.SelectOption[], options: types.CommonActionOptions): Promise<string[] | 'error:notconnected'> {
     let resultingOptions: string[] = [];
     await this._retryAction(progress, 'select option', async () => {
-      await progress.beforeInputAction(this);
+      await this.instrumentation.onBeforeInputAction(this, progress.metadata);
       if (!options.force)
         progress.log(`  waiting for element to be visible and enabled`);
       const optionsToSelect = [...elements, ...values];
@@ -574,6 +588,7 @@ export class ElementHandle<T extends Node = Node> extends js.JSHandle<T> {
   async fill(metadata: CallMetadata, value: string, options: types.CommonActionOptions = {}): Promise<void> {
     const controller = new ProgressController(metadata, this);
     return controller.run(async progress => {
+      await this._markAsTargetElement(metadata);
       const result = await this._fill(progress, value, options);
       assertDone(throwRetargetableDOMError(result));
     }, this._page._timeoutSettings.timeout(options));
@@ -582,7 +597,7 @@ export class ElementHandle<T extends Node = Node> extends js.JSHandle<T> {
   async _fill(progress: Progress, value: string, options: types.CommonActionOptions): Promise<'error:notconnected' | 'done'> {
     progress.log(`  fill("${value}")`);
     return await this._retryAction(progress, 'fill', async () => {
-      await progress.beforeInputAction(this);
+      await this.instrumentation.onBeforeInputAction(this, progress.metadata);
       if (!options.force)
         progress.log('  waiting for element to be visible, enabled and editable');
       const result = await this.evaluateInUtility(async ([injected, node, { value, force }]) => {
@@ -629,6 +644,7 @@ export class ElementHandle<T extends Node = Node> extends js.JSHandle<T> {
     const inputFileItems = await prepareFilesForUpload(this._frame, params);
     const controller = new ProgressController(metadata, this);
     return controller.run(async progress => {
+      await this._markAsTargetElement(metadata);
       const result = await this._setInputFiles(progress, inputFileItems);
       return assertDone(throwRetargetableDOMError(result));
     }, this._page._timeoutSettings.timeout(params));
@@ -655,7 +671,7 @@ export class ElementHandle<T extends Node = Node> extends js.JSHandle<T> {
     if (result === 'error:notconnected' || !result.asElement())
       return 'error:notconnected';
     const retargeted = result.asElement() as ElementHandle<HTMLInputElement>;
-    await progress.beforeInputAction(this);
+    await this.instrumentation.onBeforeInputAction(this, progress.metadata);
     progress.throwIfAborted();  // Avoid action that has side-effects.
     if (localPaths || localDirectory) {
       const localPathsOrDirectory = localDirectory ? [localDirectory] : localPaths!;
@@ -677,6 +693,7 @@ export class ElementHandle<T extends Node = Node> extends js.JSHandle<T> {
   async focus(metadata: CallMetadata): Promise<void> {
     const controller = new ProgressController(metadata, this);
     await controller.run(async progress => {
+      await this._markAsTargetElement(metadata);
       const result = await this._focus(progress);
       return assertDone(throwRetargetableDOMError(result));
     }, 0);
@@ -695,6 +712,7 @@ export class ElementHandle<T extends Node = Node> extends js.JSHandle<T> {
   async type(metadata: CallMetadata, text: string, options: { delay?: number } & types.TimeoutOptions & types.StrictOptions): Promise<void> {
     const controller = new ProgressController(metadata, this);
     return controller.run(async progress => {
+      await this._markAsTargetElement(metadata);
       const result = await this._type(progress, text, options);
       return assertDone(throwRetargetableDOMError(result));
     }, this._page._timeoutSettings.timeout(options));
@@ -702,7 +720,7 @@ export class ElementHandle<T extends Node = Node> extends js.JSHandle<T> {
 
   async _type(progress: Progress, text: string, options: { delay?: number } & types.TimeoutOptions & types.StrictOptions): Promise<'error:notconnected' | 'done'> {
     progress.log(`elementHandle.type("${text}")`);
-    await progress.beforeInputAction(this);
+    await this.instrumentation.onBeforeInputAction(this, progress.metadata);
     const result = await this._focus(progress, true /* resetSelectionIfNotFocused */);
     if (result !== 'done')
       return result;
@@ -714,6 +732,7 @@ export class ElementHandle<T extends Node = Node> extends js.JSHandle<T> {
   async press(metadata: CallMetadata, key: string, options: { delay?: number, noWaitAfter?: boolean } & types.TimeoutOptions & types.StrictOptions): Promise<void> {
     const controller = new ProgressController(metadata, this);
     return controller.run(async progress => {
+      await this._markAsTargetElement(metadata);
       const result = await this._press(progress, key, options);
       return assertDone(throwRetargetableDOMError(result));
     }, this._page._timeoutSettings.timeout(options));
@@ -721,7 +740,7 @@ export class ElementHandle<T extends Node = Node> extends js.JSHandle<T> {
 
   async _press(progress: Progress, key: string, options: { delay?: number, noWaitAfter?: boolean } & types.TimeoutOptions & types.StrictOptions): Promise<'error:notconnected' | 'done'> {
     progress.log(`elementHandle.press("${key}")`);
-    await progress.beforeInputAction(this);
+    await this.instrumentation.onBeforeInputAction(this, progress.metadata);
     return this._page._frameManager.waitForSignalsCreatedBy(progress, !options.noWaitAfter, async () => {
       const result = await this._focus(progress, true /* resetSelectionIfNotFocused */);
       if (result !== 'done')
@@ -753,6 +772,7 @@ export class ElementHandle<T extends Node = Node> extends js.JSHandle<T> {
       const result = await this.evaluateInUtility(([injected, node]) => injected.elementState(node, 'checked'), {});
       return throwRetargetableDOMError(result);
     };
+    await this._markAsTargetElement(progress.metadata);
     if (await isChecked() === state)
       return 'done';
     const result = await this._click(progress, { ...options, waitAfter: 'disabled' });
diff --git a/packages/playwright-core/src/server/firefox/ffExecutionContext.ts b/packages/playwright-core/src/server/firefox/ffExecutionContext.ts
index ba981da942..c7a3f106f8 100644
--- a/packages/playwright-core/src/server/firefox/ffExecutionContext.ts
+++ b/packages/playwright-core/src/server/firefox/ffExecutionContext.ts
@@ -51,15 +51,6 @@ export class FFExecutionContext implements js.ExecutionContextDelegate {
     return payload.result!.objectId!;
   }
 
-  rawCallFunctionNoReply(func: Function, ...args: any[]) {
-    this._session.send('Runtime.callFunction', {
-      functionDeclaration: func.toString(),
-      args: args.map(a => a instanceof js.JSHandle ? { objectId: a._objectId } : { value: a }) as any,
-      returnByValue: true,
-      executionContextId: this._executionContextId
-    }).catch(() => {});
-  }
-
   async evaluateWithArguments(expression: string, returnByValue: boolean, utilityScript: js.JSHandle<any>, values: any[], objectIds: string[]): Promise<any> {
     const payload = await this._session.send('Runtime.callFunction', {
       functionDeclaration: expression,
diff --git a/packages/playwright-core/src/server/frames.ts b/packages/playwright-core/src/server/frames.ts
index b7b626d09f..7dc992813b 100644
--- a/packages/playwright-core/src/server/frames.ts
+++ b/packages/playwright-core/src/server/frames.ts
@@ -1124,8 +1124,10 @@ export class Frame extends SdkObject {
       progress.throwIfAborted();
       if (!resolved)
         return continuePolling;
-      const result = await resolved.injected.evaluateHandle((injected, { info }) => {
+      const result = await resolved.injected.evaluateHandle((injected, { info, callId }) => {
         const elements = injected.querySelectorAll(info.parsed, document);
+        if (callId)
+          injected.markTargetElements(new Set(elements), callId);
         const element = elements[0] as Element | undefined;
         let log = '';
         if (elements.length > 1) {
@@ -1136,7 +1138,7 @@ export class Frame extends SdkObject {
           log = `  locator resolved to ${injected.previewNode(element)}`;
         }
         return { log, success: !!element, element };
-      }, { info: resolved.info });
+      }, { info: resolved.info, callId: progress.metadata.id });
       const { log, success } = await result.evaluate(r => ({ log: r.log, success: r.success }));
       if (log)
         progress.log(log);
@@ -1478,6 +1480,8 @@ export class Frame extends SdkObject {
 
     const { log, matches, received, missingReceived } = await injected.evaluate(async (injected, { info, options, callId }) => {
       const elements = info ? injected.querySelectorAll(info.parsed, document) : [];
+      if (callId)
+        injected.markTargetElements(new Set(elements), callId);
       const isArray = options.expression === 'to.have.count' || options.expression.endsWith('.array');
       let log = '';
       if (isArray)
@@ -1486,8 +1490,6 @@ export class Frame extends SdkObject {
         throw injected.strictModeViolationError(info!.parsed, elements);
       else if (elements.length)
         log = `  locator resolved to ${injected.previewNode(elements[0])}`;
-      if (callId)
-        injected.markTargetElements(new Set(elements), callId);
       return { log, ...await injected.expect(elements[0], options, elements) };
     }, { info, options, callId: progress.metadata.id });
 
diff --git a/packages/playwright-core/src/server/instrumentation.ts b/packages/playwright-core/src/server/instrumentation.ts
index 4d29be0284..2a384fb169 100644
--- a/packages/playwright-core/src/server/instrumentation.ts
+++ b/packages/playwright-core/src/server/instrumentation.ts
@@ -20,7 +20,6 @@ import type { APIRequestContext } from './fetch';
 import type { Browser } from './browser';
 import type { BrowserContext } from './browserContext';
 import type { BrowserType } from './browserType';
-import type { ElementHandle } from './dom';
 import type { Frame } from './frames';
 import type { Page } from './page';
 import type { Playwright } from './playwright';
@@ -57,7 +56,7 @@ export interface Instrumentation {
   addListener(listener: InstrumentationListener, context: BrowserContext | APIRequestContext | null): void;
   removeListener(listener: InstrumentationListener): void;
   onBeforeCall(sdkObject: SdkObject, metadata: CallMetadata): Promise<void>;
-  onBeforeInputAction(sdkObject: SdkObject, metadata: CallMetadata, element: ElementHandle): Promise<void>;
+  onBeforeInputAction(sdkObject: SdkObject, metadata: CallMetadata): Promise<void>;
   onCallLog(sdkObject: SdkObject, metadata: CallMetadata, logName: string, message: string): void;
   onAfterCall(sdkObject: SdkObject, metadata: CallMetadata): Promise<void>;
   onPageOpen(page: Page): void;
@@ -70,7 +69,7 @@ export interface Instrumentation {
 
 export interface InstrumentationListener {
   onBeforeCall?(sdkObject: SdkObject, metadata: CallMetadata): Promise<void>;
-  onBeforeInputAction?(sdkObject: SdkObject, metadata: CallMetadata, element: ElementHandle): Promise<void>;
+  onBeforeInputAction?(sdkObject: SdkObject, metadata: CallMetadata): Promise<void>;
   onCallLog?(sdkObject: SdkObject, metadata: CallMetadata, logName: string, message: string): void;
   onAfterCall?(sdkObject: SdkObject, metadata: CallMetadata): Promise<void>;
   onPageOpen?(page: Page): void;
diff --git a/packages/playwright-core/src/server/javascript.ts b/packages/playwright-core/src/server/javascript.ts
index 40dee4888a..dbbe89d5c2 100644
--- a/packages/playwright-core/src/server/javascript.ts
+++ b/packages/playwright-core/src/server/javascript.ts
@@ -53,7 +53,6 @@ export type SmartHandle<T> = T extends Node ? dom.ElementHandle<T> : JSHandle<T>
 export interface ExecutionContextDelegate {
   rawEvaluateJSON(expression: string): Promise<any>;
   rawEvaluateHandle(expression: string): Promise<ObjectId>;
-  rawCallFunctionNoReply(func: Function, ...args: any[]): void;
   evaluateWithArguments(expression: string, returnByValue: boolean, utilityScript: JSHandle<any>, values: any[], objectIds: ObjectId[]): Promise<any>;
   getProperties(context: ExecutionContext, objectId: ObjectId): Promise<Map<string, JSHandle>>;
   createHandle(context: ExecutionContext, remoteObject: RemoteObject): JSHandle;
@@ -88,10 +87,6 @@ export class ExecutionContext extends SdkObject {
     return this._raceAgainstContextDestroyed(this._delegate.rawEvaluateHandle(expression));
   }
 
-  rawCallFunctionNoReply(func: Function, ...args: any[]): void {
-    this._delegate.rawCallFunctionNoReply(func, ...args);
-  }
-
   evaluateWithArguments(expression: string, returnByValue: boolean, utilityScript: JSHandle<any>, values: any[], objectIds: ObjectId[]): Promise<any> {
     return this._raceAgainstContextDestroyed(this._delegate.evaluateWithArguments(expression, returnByValue, utilityScript, values, objectIds));
   }
@@ -151,10 +146,6 @@ export class JSHandle<T = any> extends SdkObject {
       (globalThis as any).leakedJSHandles.set(this, new Error('Leaked JSHandle'));
   }
 
-  callFunctionNoReply(func: Function, arg: any) {
-    this._context.rawCallFunctionNoReply(func, this, arg);
-  }
-
   async evaluate<R, Arg>(pageFunction: FuncOn<T, Arg, R>, arg?: Arg): Promise<R> {
     return evaluate(this._context, true /* returnByValue */, pageFunction, this, arg);
   }
diff --git a/packages/playwright-core/src/server/progress.ts b/packages/playwright-core/src/server/progress.ts
index 70de43b944..d92c5ed226 100644
--- a/packages/playwright-core/src/server/progress.ts
+++ b/packages/playwright-core/src/server/progress.ts
@@ -18,7 +18,6 @@ import { TimeoutError } from './errors';
 import { assert, monotonicTime } from '../utils';
 import type { LogName } from '../utils/debugLogger';
 import type { CallMetadata, Instrumentation, SdkObject } from './instrumentation';
-import type { ElementHandle } from './dom';
 import { ManualPromise } from '../utils/manualPromise';
 
 export interface Progress {
@@ -27,7 +26,6 @@ export interface Progress {
   isRunning(): boolean;
   cleanupWhenAborted(cleanup: () => any): void;
   throwIfAborted(): void;
-  beforeInputAction(element: ElementHandle): Promise<void>;
   metadata: CallMetadata;
 }
 
@@ -89,9 +87,6 @@ export class ProgressController {
         if (this._state === 'aborted')
           throw new AbortedError();
       },
-      beforeInputAction: async (element: ElementHandle) => {
-        await this.instrumentation.onBeforeInputAction(this.sdkObject, this.metadata, element);
-      },
       metadata: this.metadata
     };
 
diff --git a/packages/playwright-core/src/server/trace/recorder/snapshotter.ts b/packages/playwright-core/src/server/trace/recorder/snapshotter.ts
index d552c397e0..115cd3dd94 100644
--- a/packages/playwright-core/src/server/trace/recorder/snapshotter.ts
+++ b/packages/playwright-core/src/server/trace/recorder/snapshotter.ts
@@ -24,7 +24,6 @@ import type { SnapshotData } from './snapshotterInjected';
 import { frameSnapshotStreamer } from './snapshotterInjected';
 import { calculateSha1, createGuid, monotonicTime } from '../../../utils';
 import type { FrameSnapshot } from '@trace/snapshot';
-import type { ElementHandle } from '../../dom';
 import { mime } from '../../../utilsBundle';
 
 export type SnapshotterBlob = {
@@ -105,21 +104,10 @@ export class Snapshotter {
     eventsHelper.removeEventListeners(this._eventListeners);
   }
 
-  async captureSnapshot(page: Page, callId: string, snapshotName: string, element?: ElementHandle): Promise<void> {
+  async captureSnapshot(page: Page, callId: string, snapshotName: string): Promise<void> {
     // Prepare expression synchronously.
     const expression = `window["${this._snapshotStreamer}"].captureSnapshot(${JSON.stringify(snapshotName)})`;
 
-    // In a best-effort manner, without waiting for it, mark target element.
-    element?.callFunctionNoReply((element: Element, callId: string) => {
-      const customEvent = new CustomEvent('__playwright_target__', {
-        bubbles: true,
-        cancelable: true,
-        detail: callId,
-        composed: true,
-      });
-      element.dispatchEvent(customEvent);
-    }, callId);
-
     // In each frame, in a non-stalling manner, capture the snapshots.
     const snapshots = page.frames().map(async frame => {
       const data = await frame.nonStallingRawEvaluateInExistingMainContext(expression).catch(e => debugLogger.log('error', e)) as SnapshotData;
diff --git a/packages/playwright-core/src/server/trace/recorder/tracing.ts b/packages/playwright-core/src/server/trace/recorder/tracing.ts
index c3317fcab4..97476d4b31 100644
--- a/packages/playwright-core/src/server/trace/recorder/tracing.ts
+++ b/packages/playwright-core/src/server/trace/recorder/tracing.ts
@@ -23,7 +23,6 @@ import { commandsWithTracingSnapshots } from '../../../protocol/debug';
 import { assert, createGuid, monotonicTime, SerializedFS, removeFolders, eventsHelper, type RegisteredListener } from '../../../utils';
 import { Artifact } from '../../artifact';
 import { BrowserContext } from '../../browserContext';
-import type { ElementHandle } from '../../dom';
 import type { APIRequestContext } from '../../fetch';
 import type { CallMetadata, InstrumentationListener } from '../../instrumentation';
 import { SdkObject } from '../../instrumentation';
@@ -341,7 +340,7 @@ export class Tracing extends SdkObject implements InstrumentationListener, Snaps
     return { artifact };
   }
 
-  async _captureSnapshot(snapshotName: string, sdkObject: SdkObject, metadata: CallMetadata, element?: ElementHandle): Promise<void> {
+  async _captureSnapshot(snapshotName: string, sdkObject: SdkObject, metadata: CallMetadata): Promise<void> {
     if (!this._snapshotter)
       return;
     if (!sdkObject.attribution.page)
@@ -350,7 +349,7 @@ export class Tracing extends SdkObject implements InstrumentationListener, Snaps
       return;
     if (!shouldCaptureSnapshot(metadata))
       return;
-    await this._snapshotter.captureSnapshot(sdkObject.attribution.page, metadata.id, snapshotName, element).catch(() => {});
+    await this._snapshotter.captureSnapshot(sdkObject.attribution.page, metadata.id, snapshotName).catch(() => {});
   }
 
   onBeforeCall(sdkObject: SdkObject, metadata: CallMetadata) {
@@ -365,7 +364,7 @@ export class Tracing extends SdkObject implements InstrumentationListener, Snaps
     return this._captureSnapshot(event.beforeSnapshot, sdkObject, metadata);
   }
 
-  onBeforeInputAction(sdkObject: SdkObject, metadata: CallMetadata, element: ElementHandle) {
+  onBeforeInputAction(sdkObject: SdkObject, metadata: CallMetadata) {
     if (!this._state?.callIds.has(metadata.id))
       return Promise.resolve();
     // IMPORTANT: no awaits before this._appendTraceEvent in this method.
@@ -375,7 +374,7 @@ export class Tracing extends SdkObject implements InstrumentationListener, Snaps
     sdkObject.attribution.page?.temporarilyDisableTracingScreencastThrottling();
     event.inputSnapshot = `input@${metadata.id}`;
     this._appendTraceEvent(event);
-    return this._captureSnapshot(event.inputSnapshot, sdkObject, metadata, element);
+    return this._captureSnapshot(event.inputSnapshot, sdkObject, metadata);
   }
 
   onCallLog(sdkObject: SdkObject, metadata: CallMetadata, logName: string, message: string) {
diff --git a/packages/playwright-core/src/server/trace/test/inMemorySnapshotter.ts b/packages/playwright-core/src/server/trace/test/inMemorySnapshotter.ts
index f7461599aa..f28c5ef03b 100644
--- a/packages/playwright-core/src/server/trace/test/inMemorySnapshotter.ts
+++ b/packages/playwright-core/src/server/trace/test/inMemorySnapshotter.ts
@@ -21,7 +21,6 @@ import type { SnapshotRenderer } from '../../../../../trace-viewer/src/sw/snapsh
 import { SnapshotStorage } from '../../../../../trace-viewer/src/sw/snapshotStorage';
 import type { SnapshotterBlob, SnapshotterDelegate } from '../recorder/snapshotter';
 import { Snapshotter } from '../recorder/snapshotter';
-import type { ElementHandle } from '../../dom';
 import type { HarTracerDelegate } from '../../har/harTracer';
 import { HarTracer } from '../../har/harTracer';
 import type * as har from '@trace/har';
@@ -59,11 +58,11 @@ export class InMemorySnapshotter implements SnapshotterDelegate, HarTracerDelega
     this._harTracer.stop();
   }
 
-  async captureSnapshot(page: Page, callId: string, snapshotName: string, element?: ElementHandle): Promise<SnapshotRenderer> {
+  async captureSnapshot(page: Page, callId: string, snapshotName: string): Promise<SnapshotRenderer> {
     if (this._snapshotReadyPromises.has(snapshotName))
       throw new Error('Duplicate snapshot name: ' + snapshotName);
 
-    this._snapshotter.captureSnapshot(page, callId, snapshotName, element).catch(() => {});
+    this._snapshotter.captureSnapshot(page, callId, snapshotName).catch(() => {});
     const promise = new ManualPromise<SnapshotRenderer>();
     this._snapshotReadyPromises.set(snapshotName, promise);
     return promise;
diff --git a/packages/playwright-core/src/server/webkit/wkExecutionContext.ts b/packages/playwright-core/src/server/webkit/wkExecutionContext.ts
index 4416df7a9e..52b8ba3677 100644
--- a/packages/playwright-core/src/server/webkit/wkExecutionContext.ts
+++ b/packages/playwright-core/src/server/webkit/wkExecutionContext.ts
@@ -60,16 +60,6 @@ export class WKExecutionContext implements js.ExecutionContextDelegate {
     }
   }
 
-  rawCallFunctionNoReply(func: Function, ...args: any[]) {
-    this._session.send('Runtime.callFunctionOn', {
-      functionDeclaration: func.toString(),
-      objectId: args.find(a => a instanceof js.JSHandle)!._objectId!,
-      arguments: args.map(a => a instanceof js.JSHandle ? { objectId: a._objectId } : { value: a }),
-      returnByValue: true,
-      emulateUserGesture: true
-    }).catch(() => {});
-  }
-
   async evaluateWithArguments(expression: string, returnByValue: boolean, utilityScript: js.JSHandle<any>, values: any[], objectIds: string[]): Promise<any> {
     try {
       const response = await this._session.send('Runtime.callFunctionOn', {
diff --git a/tests/library/snapshotter.spec.ts b/tests/library/snapshotter.spec.ts
index b6c45b9252..7ada643dcc 100644
--- a/tests/library/snapshotter.spec.ts
+++ b/tests/library/snapshotter.spec.ts
@@ -215,20 +215,6 @@ it.describe('snapshots', () => {
     }
   });
 
-  it('should capture snapshot target', async ({ page, toImpl, snapshotter }) => {
-    await page.setContent('<button>Hello</button><button>World</button>');
-    {
-      const handle = await page.$('text=Hello');
-      const snapshot = await snapshotter.captureSnapshot(toImpl(page), 'call@1', 'snapshot@call@1', toImpl(handle));
-      expect(distillSnapshot(snapshot, false /* distillTarget */)).toBe('<BUTTON __playwright_target__=\"call@1\">Hello</BUTTON><BUTTON>World</BUTTON>');
-    }
-    {
-      const handle = await page.$('text=World');
-      const snapshot = await snapshotter.captureSnapshot(toImpl(page), 'call@2', 'snapshot@call@2', toImpl(handle));
-      expect(distillSnapshot(snapshot, false /* distillTarget */)).toBe('<BUTTON __playwright_target__=\"call@1\">Hello</BUTTON><BUTTON __playwright_target__=\"call@2\">World</BUTTON>');
-    }
-  });
-
   it('should collect on attribute change', async ({ page, toImpl, snapshotter }) => {
     await page.setContent('<button>Hello</button>');
     {
diff --git a/tests/library/trace-viewer.spec.ts b/tests/library/trace-viewer.spec.ts
index 71689fa4c1..e8863b0e1e 100644
--- a/tests/library/trace-viewer.spec.ts
+++ b/tests/library/trace-viewer.spec.ts
@@ -776,6 +776,8 @@ test('should highlight target elements', async ({ page, runAndTrace, browserName
     await expect(page.locator('text=t6')).toHaveText(/t6/i);
     await expect(page.locator('text=multi')).toHaveText(['a', 'b'], { timeout: 1000 }).catch(() => {});
     await page.mouse.move(123, 234);
+    await page.getByText(/^t\d$/).click().catch(() => {});
+    await expect(page.getByText(/t3|t4/)).toBeVisible().catch(() => {});
   });
 
   async function highlightedDivs(frameLocator: FrameLocator) {
@@ -817,6 +819,12 @@ test('should highlight target elements', async ({ page, runAndTrace, browserName
 
   const frameMouseMove = await traceViewer.snapshotFrame('mouse.move');
   await expect(frameMouseMove.locator('x-pw-pointer')).toBeVisible();
+
+  const frameClickStrictViolation = await traceViewer.snapshotFrame('locator.click');
+  await expect.poll(() => highlightedDivs(frameClickStrictViolation)).toEqual(['t1', 't2', 't3', 't4', 't5', 't6']);
+
+  const frameExpectStrictViolation = await traceViewer.snapshotFrame('expect.toBeVisible');
+  await expect.poll(() => highlightedDivs(frameExpectStrictViolation)).toEqual(['t3', 't4']);
 });
 
 test('should highlight target element in shadow dom', async ({ page, server, runAndTrace }) => {